Sperm DNA fragmentation refers to the presence of breaks or damage within the DNA strands of sperm cells. This damage can adversely affect the sperm’s ability to fertilize an egg and can impact the health and development of the embryo.
Causes
Oxidative Stress:
Triggered by smoking, pollution, infections, poor diet, and unhealthy lifestyle choices.
Apoptosis:
Natural process of programmed cell death, often caused by hormonal imbalances and environmental stress.
Testicular Heat Stress:
Prolonged exposure to high temperatures from hot tubs, saunas, or tight clothing.
Inflammation:
Caused by infections or inflammation in the reproductive tract.
Varicocele:
Enlarged veins in the scrotum, increasing temperature and reducing oxygen supply.
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